{"id":13169,"date":"2024-11-19T17:16:44","date_gmt":"2024-11-19T17:16:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/masonicum.lv\/?page_id=13169"},"modified":"2024-11-29T14:30:06","modified_gmt":"2024-11-29T14:30:06","slug":"vesture","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/masonicum.lv\/en\/bm-latvija\/vesture\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u0113sture"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"13169\" class=\"elementor elementor-13169\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c82dc7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3c82dc7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c8e631 elementor-widget elementor-widget-hub_fancy_heading\" data-id=\"9c8e631\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"hub_fancy_heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"ld-fancy-heading-6ad2e0400b142\" class=\"ld-fancy-heading pos-rel\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"ld-fh-element d-inline-block pos-rel  elementor-heading-title lqd-highlight-classic lqd-highlight-grow-left h2\"  > V\u0113sture<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbc5537 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dbc5537\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c8e80d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c8e80d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"bgLayers_comp-jqc32m5f\" class=\"MW5IWV\" data-hook=\"bgLayers\" data-motion-part=\"BG_LAYER\"><div id=\"bgMedia_comp-jqc32m5f\" class=\"VgO9Yg\" data-motion-part=\"BG_MEDIA\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><div class=\"\" data-mesh-id=\"comp-jqc32m5finlineContent\" data-testid=\"inline-content\"><div data-mesh-id=\"comp-jqc32m5finlineContent-gridContainer\" data-testid=\"mesh-container-content\"><div id=\"comp-jqc32m5j\" class=\"HcOXKn SxM0TO QxJLC3 lq2cno YQcXTT comp-jqc32m5j wixui-rich-text\" data-testid=\"richTextElement\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">\u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101, ka br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas pirms\u0101kumi ir dat\u0113jami sen\u0101 v\u0113stur\u0113, nav pieejami prec\u012bzi dati par t\u0101s ra\u0161anos un apst\u0101k\u013ciem. \u0160obr\u012bd pla\u0161i valdo\u0161ais uzskats ir, ka br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bba ir c\u0113lusies 17. gs. Anglij\u0101 no m\u016brnieku un akme\u0146ka\u013cu \u0123ild\u0113m (br\u0101l\u012bb\u0101m). \u0160o pie\u0146\u0113mumu atbalsta ar\u012b Anglijas Apvienot\u0101 liello\u017ea un vado\u0161\u0101s br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas p\u0113tniec\u012bbas organiz\u0101cijas.<br class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" \/><br class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" \/>Pirm\u0101s liello\u017eas dibin\u0101\u0161ana.<br class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" \/><br class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" \/>Pirmo liello\u017eu, Anglijas Apvienoto liello\u017eu, dibin\u0101ja (p\u0113c citu p\u0113tnieku dom\u0101m, t\u0101s darb\u012bba tika atjaunota) 1717. gada 24. j\u016bnij\u0101, kad \u010detras Londonas lo\u017eas satiekoties noteica sevi par vado\u0161aj\u0101m un uz\u0146\u0113m\u0101s kontroli p\u0101r br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbu Anglij\u0101. \u0160\u012b ac\u012bmredzami spont\u0101n\u0101 liello\u017eas izveido\u0161ana rad\u012bja attur\u012bbu citu lo\u017eu vid\u016b un noveda pie \u0161\u0137el\u0161an\u0101s Anglijas br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bb\u0101, kas netika piln\u012bb\u0101 atrisin\u0101ta l\u012bdz 1813. gadam, kad divas l\u012bdz\u0101s past\u0101vo\u0161as grupas izveidoja Apvienoto Anglijas liello\u017eu, kas eksist\u0113 l\u012bdz pat \u0161odienai un koordin\u0113 Anglijas br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixGuard wixui-rich-text__text\">\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bba izplat\u012bj\u0101s starptautiski. Liello\u017eas tika izveidotas \u012arij\u0101 1725. gad\u0101 un Skotij\u0101 1736. gad\u0101. L\u012bdz 18. gs. 30. gadiem br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bba jau bija paz\u012bstama ar\u012b britu kolonij\u0101s Zieme\u013camerik\u0101, kur p\u0113c Amerikas revol\u016bcijas liello\u017eas tika izveidotas katr\u0101 ASV \u0161tat\u0101.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cff5e3f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cff5e3f\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2666ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d2666ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas v\u0113sture Latvij\u0101<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2299b96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2299b96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" href=\"https:\/\/arviszeile.wixsite.com\/masonicum\/history-of-freemasonry\" target=\"_self\" data-anchor-comp-id=\"comp-jqc3ja6q\" data-anchor=\"dataItem-jqc3ja7b\">Pirm\u0101s lo\u017eas R\u012bg\u0101 un Jelgav\u0101 1750.\u20131766.<\/a><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" href=\"https:\/\/arviszeile.wixsite.com\/masonicum\/history-of-freemasonry\" target=\"_self\" data-anchor-comp-id=\"comp-jqc3n7o0\" data-anchor=\"dataItem-jqc3n7pt\">Strikt\u0101 Observance 1766.\u20131782. Sacens\u012bba starp ang\u013cu sist\u0113mu un Cinnendorfa sist\u0113mu 1771.\u20131776.<\/a><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" href=\"https:\/\/arviszeile.wixsite.com\/masonicum\/history-of-freemasonry\" target=\"_self\" data-anchor-comp-id=\"comp-jqc3nvjx\" data-anchor=\"dataItem-jqc3nvln\">Sacens\u012bba starp ang\u013cu sist\u0113mu un Cinnendorfa sist\u0113mu<\/a><\/span>.<\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" href=\"https:\/\/arviszeile.wixsite.com\/masonicum\/history-of-freemasonry\" target=\"_self\" data-anchor-comp-id=\"comp-jqc3oh85\" data-anchor=\"dataItem-jqc3oh98\">Zviedru sist\u0113ma 1778.\u20131781.<\/a><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" href=\"https:\/\/arviszeile.wixsite.com\/masonicum\/history-of-freemasonry\" target=\"_self\" data-anchor-comp-id=\"comp-jqc3rgiz\" data-anchor=\"dataItem-jqc3rgkw\">Kaliostro af\u0113ra 1779. gad\u0101.<\/a><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" href=\"https:\/\/arviszeile.wixsite.com\/masonicum\/history-of-freemasonry\" target=\"_self\" data-anchor-comp-id=\"comp-jqc3rwi9\" data-anchor=\"dataItem-jqc3rwki\">Br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas aizlieg\u0161ana Krievij\u0101 1825. gad\u0101.<\/a><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" href=\"https:\/\/arviszeile.wixsite.com\/masonicum\/history-of-freemasonry\" target=\"_self\" data-anchor-comp-id=\"comp-jqc3swar\" data-anchor=\"dataItem-jqc3swdh\">Konstitucion\u0101lo Demokr\u0101tu partija un lo\u017eas Krievij\u0101 1908.\u20131918.<\/a><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" href=\"https:\/\/arviszeile.wixsite.com\/masonicum\/history-of-freemasonry\" target=\"_self\" data-anchor-comp-id=\"comp-jqc3tcyd\" data-anchor=\"dataItem-jqc3td0j\">V\u0101cu karasp\u0113ka lauka lo\u017eas Latvij\u0101 1916.\u20131919.<\/a><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" href=\"https:\/\/arviszeile.wixsite.com\/masonicum\/history-of-freemasonry\" target=\"_self\" data-anchor-comp-id=\"comp-jqc3u7v0\" data-anchor=\"dataItem-jqc3u7xa\">Br\u012bvm\u016brnieku lo\u017eas neatkar\u012bgaj\u0101 Latvij\u0101 1919.\u20131940.<\/a><\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><a class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" href=\"https:\/\/arviszeile.wixsite.com\/masonicum\/history-of-freemasonry\" target=\"_self\" data-anchor-comp-id=\"comp-jqc3vb5y\" data-anchor=\"dataItem-jqc3vb8o\">Br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas atjauno\u0161ana p\u0113c neatkar\u012bbas atg\u016b\u0161anas.<\/a><\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aef268b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"aef268b\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4a5d7f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4a5d7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas v\u0113sture Latvij\u0101 ir vistie\u0161\u0101kaj\u0101 veid\u0101 saist\u012bta ar pa\u0161as Latvijas v\u0113sturi, tai atrodoties krustcel\u0113s starp V\u0101ciju un Krieviju, Zviedriju un Poliju. Pamat\u0101 caur \u0161\u012bm m\u016bsu kaimi\u0146valst\u012bm Latvij\u0101 iepl\u016bda \u013coti at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgas idejas, kas pak\u0101peniski sintez\u0113j\u0101s fenomen\u0101, ko m\u0113s tagad uzdr\u012bkstamies saukt par latvisko pasaules redz\u0113jumu.<\/p><p>Br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas k\u0101 \u201cjaun\u0101s dom\u0101\u0161anas\u201d ideja ien\u0101ca Latvij\u0101 18. gadsimta vid\u016b l\u012bdz ar svaigaj\u0101m Apgaism\u012bbas laikmeta v\u0113sm\u0101m, kuras m\u0101j\u0101s p\u0101rveda V\u0101cijas augstskol\u0101s stud\u0113ju\u0161ie bag\u0101to tirgot\u0101ju un di\u017ecilt\u012bgo d\u0113li, kas bie\u017ei vien \u0101rzem\u0113s bija iest\u0101ju\u0161ies br\u012bvm\u016brnieku lo\u017e\u0101s un v\u0113l\u0113j\u0101s turpin\u0101t \u0161o moderno lietu ar\u012b dzimten\u0113. Otr\u0101 str\u0101va n\u0101ca no P\u0113terburgas, kur rietumnieciski orient\u0113tie nesen nodibin\u0101t\u0101s Krievijas imp\u0113rijas \u0137eizari vis\u0101di atbalst\u012bja labi izgl\u012btotu \u0101rzemnieku apme\u0161anos jaunaj\u0101 Krievijas galvaspils\u0113t\u0101. Starp iece\u013cot\u0101jiem, kas nereti bija br\u012bvm\u016brnieki, daudzi \u0101tri ieguva lielu ietekmi krievu di\u017ecilt\u012bgo aprind\u0101s.<\/p><p>M\u016bsdienu Latvijas teritorija 18. gadsimta vid\u016b bija sadal\u012bta tr\u012bs at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bg\u0101s da\u013c\u0101s \u2013 Vidzemes guber\u0146a (toreiz \u2013 Lievland\/L\u012bvzeme), ko Krievija nesen bija at\u0146\u0113musi Zviedrijai, Kurzemes hercogiste (Kurland), kas form\u0101li bija pak\u013cauta Polijai, bet re\u0101li atrad\u0101s stipr\u0101 Krievijas ietekm\u0113, un Latgale, kas toreiz bija Polijai pak\u013caut\u0101s Polockas vojevodistes sast\u0101v\u0101. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c ar\u012b veidoj\u0101s tr\u012bs at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgas br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas trad\u012bcijas, kas savstarp\u0113ji maz ietekm\u0113j\u0101s.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>R\u012bgas br\u012bvm\u016brnieku lo\u017eas vistie\u0161\u0101kaj\u0101 veid\u0101 bija pak\u013cautas P\u0113terburgas br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas straujaj\u0101m mai\u0146\u0101m. Katram jaunajam str\u0101vojumam sekoja jaunu lo\u017eu dibin\u0101\u0161ana R\u012bg\u0101, vec\u0101s sl\u0113dzot vai p\u0101rveidojot. Kurzem\u0113, sevi\u0161\u0137i Jelgav\u0101, br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas vad\u012bba bija di\u017ecilt\u012bgo \u0123ime\u0146u rok\u0101s un atrad\u0101s liel\u0101k\u0101 Pr\u016bsijas un Polijas lo\u017eu ietekm\u0113. Nav datu, ka m\u016bsdienu Latgales teritorij\u0101 b\u016btu darboju\u0161\u0101s lo\u017eas, tom\u0113r vair\u0101ki di\u017ecilt\u012bgie pieder\u0113ja \u013coti akt\u012bvaj\u0101m Var\u0161avas lo\u017e\u0101m ar Latgales gr\u0101fu Hilzenu (v.Huelsen) un baronu Heikingu (v.Heyking) priek\u0161gal\u0101. P\u0113c pirm\u0101s Polijas dal\u012b\u0161anas 1772. gad\u0101 Latgale ietilpa Polockas guber\u0146\u0101 ar br\u012bvm\u016brnieku lo\u017eu \u201cThalia\u201d Polock\u0101. Br\u012bvm\u016brniekiem bija liela ietekme po\u013cu di\u017ecilt\u012bgo pretkrieviskaj\u0101 pretest\u012bbas kust\u012bb\u0101, sevi\u0161\u0137i Kostju\u0161ko (Kosciuszko), kas pats bija br\u012bvm\u016brnieks, sacel\u0161an\u0101s laik\u0101 1774. gad\u0101.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-883db3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"883db3a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pirm\u0101s lo\u017eas R\u012bg\u0101 un Jelgav\u0101<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a45feea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a45feea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas strauj\u0101 ien\u0101k\u0161ana 18. gs. R\u012bg\u0101 vismaz da\u013c\u0113ji ir izskaidrojama ar sl\u0113gto biedr\u012bbu trad\u012bciju, kas \u0161aj\u0101 pils\u0113t\u0101 bija paz\u012bstama jau kop\u0161 viduslaikiem un reform\u0101cijas laikiem (amatnieku br\u0101l\u012bbas, Sv.J\u0101\u0146a (Maz\u0101) \u0123ilde, Sv.Marijas (Liel\u0101) \u0123ilde, jo \u012bpa\u0161i, Sv.Maur\u012bcija jeb Melngalvju br\u0101l\u012bba). Paaugstinoties izgl\u012bt\u012bbas iesp\u0113j\u0101m, \u0161aj\u0101s vidus\u0161\u0137irai sl\u0113gtaj\u0101s br\u0101l\u012bb\u0101s iepl\u016bda arvien vair\u0101k akad\u0113miski izgl\u012btotu cilv\u0113ku. Ilgais br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas tap\u0161anas periods beidz\u0101s 1717. gad\u0101, kad London\u0101 dibin\u0101t\u0101 Anglijas Apvienot\u0101 liello\u017ea da\u017eu gadu desmitu laik\u0101 ieguva neparastu ietekmi ne tikai Anglijas, bet ar\u012b visas Eiropas augst\u0101kaj\u0101s aprind\u0101s. R\u012bga, viena no Zieme\u013ceiropas metropol\u0113m, nav iz\u0146\u0113mums ar\u012b \u0161aj\u0101 zi\u0146\u0101.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Vec\u0101k\u0101 R\u012bgas lo\u017ea \u201cZieme\u013czvaigzne\u201d (\u201cZum Polarstern\u201d vai \u201cZum Nordstern\u201d, \u201cNorth Star\u201d) dibin\u0101ta jau 1750. gad\u0101 k\u0101 otr\u0101 lo\u017ea Krievijas imp\u0113rij\u0101 p\u0113c P\u0113terburgas lo\u017eas \u201cKlus\u0113\u0161ana\u201d (\u201cZum Verschwiegenheit\u201d vai \u201cLodge of Silence\u201d da\u017e\u0101dos tekstos). K\u0101 lo\u017eas dibin\u0101t\u0101ji piemin\u0113ti bag\u0101tie tirgot\u0101ji Johans Ditrihs fon der Heide (v.Heyde) un Johans Cukerbekers (Zuckerbecker). Lo\u017ea bijusi pak\u013cauta Anglijas liello\u017eas Provinci\u0101llo\u017eai Krievij\u0101 un V\u0101cij\u0101 (Provincial Grand Lodge for Russia and Germany). Tom\u0113r par t\u0101s darb\u012bbu nav saglab\u0101ju\u0161\u0101s nek\u0101das zi\u0146as, jo \u201cvisi darbi tika veikti visliel\u0101kaj\u0101 slepen\u012bb\u0101 noma\u013cas m\u0101jas b\u0113ni\u0146os\u201d (in the loft of some out-of-the-way, retired house, cit\u0113jot Gould&#8217;s History of Freemasonry).<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Jelgavas lo\u017eu \u201cPie trim kron\u0113tiem zobeniem\u201d (\u201cZu den drei gekr\u00f6nten Schwertern\u201d jeb \u201cTroix Ep\u00e9es couronn\u00e9es\u201d) 1754. gad\u0101 esot dibin\u0101ju\u0161i ietekm\u012bg\u0101ko Kurzemes dzimtu d\u0113li p\u0113c atgrie\u0161an\u0101s no studij\u0101m V\u0101cij\u0101 (sk. G.v.Pistohlkors). Pirmais lo\u017eas meistars esot bijis Kristofs Levins fon Manteifels (v.Manteuffel-Szoege), kas jau 1743. gad\u0101 asto\u0146padsmit gadu vecum\u0101 k\u0101 students Halle ticis uz\u0146emts lo\u017e\u0101 \u201cPie trim zelta atsl\u0113g\u0101m\u201d (\u201cZu den drei goldenen Schluesseln\u201d) un kop\u0101 ar br\u0101\u013ciem fon Medemiem dibin\u0101jis J\u0113nas lo\u017eu \u201cPie trim zelta roz\u0113m\u201d (\u201cZu den drei goldenen Rosen\u201d), kur\u0101 v\u0113l\u0101k uz\u0146emti ar\u012b kurzemnieki Ulrihs Johans fon Bers (v.Behr) un Kristofs Fridrihs Neanders (Neander). Gerts fon Pistolkors piemin, ka br\u012bvm\u016brniekos uz\u0146emti sav\u0101 starp\u0101 saradoto Kurzemes dzimtu (von den Brincken, von Vietinghoff, von Raison, von Keyserling, Finck von Finckenstein, von der Osten-Sacken un von Holtey) p\u0101rst\u0101vji. Par br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas ietekmi Kurzem\u0113 liecina ar\u012b tas, ka Jelgav\u0101 dibin\u0101ta ar\u012b otra lo\u017ea \u201cPie trim kron\u0113t\u0101m sird\u012bm\u201d (\u201cTrois Coeurs couronn\u00e9s\u201d), kura saist\u0101s ar af\u0113rista Kaliostro v\u0101rdu.<\/p><p>Gandr\u012bz nek\u0101da inform\u0101cija nav saglab\u0101jusies par v\u0113l vienu Kurzemes lo\u017eu, kura neilgu laiku darbojusies Aizput\u0113 \u2013 \u201cZum grunen Flagge\u201d (\u201cFriedrich zum grunen Flagge\u201d) ap 1778. gadu un bija saist\u012bta ar V\u0101cijas lo\u017eu \u201cZur drei Globe\u201d. Par lo\u017eas Kr\u0113sla Meistaru tiek nosaukts Fridrihs Evalds fon Firkss.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-154f832 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"154f832\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Strikt\u0101 Observance<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8ef3b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b8ef3b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>18. gs. 60. gados kontinent\u0101l\u0101s Eiropas lo\u017eas strauji p\u0101r\u0146em Strikt\u0101s Observances (stingras godbij\u012bbas) sist\u0113ma, kuras pamat\u0101 ir ideja, ka br\u012bvm\u016brnieku lo\u017eu zem\u0101kajiem gr\u0101diem ir strikti j\u0101pak\u013caujas slepenam augst\u0101ko gr\u0101du ordenim, kas radies no slaven\u0101 bru\u0146inieku Templie\u0161u orde\u0146a. Vec\u0101s lo\u017eas tiek sl\u0113gtas vai p\u0101rd\u0113v\u0113tas, tiek izveidotas orde\u0146a provinces, kur\u0101s darbojas kapituli (chapter). Ar\u012b R\u012bgas lo\u017ea 1765. gad\u0101 Rostokas \u0101rsta un galma padomnieka Dr.Gustava fon Hantviga (v.Handtwig) vad\u012bb\u0101 tiek p\u0101rd\u0113v\u0113ta par \u201cZobena lo\u017eu\u201d (Loge \u201cZum Schwerdt\u201d), kas pieder R\u012bgas kapitulam. P\u0113c A.Bilma\u0146a datiem, t\u0101 esot bijusi saist\u012bta ar D\u0101nijas un Braun\u0161veigas hercogistes lo\u017e\u0101m. Jelgavas lo\u017eas pieder\u0113ju\u0161as Strikt\u0101s Observances Kurzemes kapitulam.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Ap R\u012bgas \u201cZobena lo\u017eu\u201d izveidojas \u013coti ietekm\u012bgs liber\u0101lo R\u012bgas pilso\u0146u grup\u0113jums ar br\u0101\u013ciem Berensiem priek\u0161gal\u0101, kas v\u0113stur\u0113 ieg\u0101jis k\u0101 \u201cBerensu aprindas\u201d. Grup\u0113juma dv\u0113sele ir r\u0101tskungs Johans Kristofs Berenss (Berens), kas stud\u0113jis tieslietas K\u0113nigsberg\u0101 un Getingen\u0113 un uztur draudz\u012bgus sakarus ar filosofiem I.Kantu, J.G.H\u0101mani un J.G.Herderu. Berensu aprind\u0101m pieder ar\u012b Domskolas direktors J.G.Lindners, gr\u0101matizdev\u0113js J.F.Hartknohs (Hartknoch) un bir\u0123ermeistars J.K.\u0160varcs (Schwartz). 1766. gad\u0101 nesen p\u0101rveidotaj\u0101 lo\u017e\u0101 tiek uz\u0146emts 22 gadus vecais \u0122ertr\u016bdes bazn\u012bcas adjunkts, Domskolas skolot\u0101js Johans Gotfr\u012bds Herders, kas v\u0113l\u0101k k\u013c\u016bst par vienu no slaven\u0101kajiem V\u0101cijas Apgaism\u012bbas laikmeta liter\u0101tiem un filosofiem. J.G.Herdera piemineklis v\u0113l arvien ir atrodams iepret\u012b R\u012bgas V\u0113stures muzejam, kura sl\u0113gtajos fondos apskat\u0101mas lietas, kas pieder\u0113ju\u0161as vi\u0146a \u201cZobena lo\u017eai\u201d.<\/p><p><br \/>\u201cZobena lo\u017ea\u201d R\u012bg\u0101 turpina str\u0101d\u0101t ar\u012b p\u0113c Strikt\u0101s Observances norieta 1782. gad\u0101, par ko liecina 1787. gada lo\u017eas br\u0101\u013cu saraksti, kas ir biju\u0161i pieejami R\u012bgas arh\u012bvos. No tiem var uzzin\u0101t, ka \u0161aj\u0101 laik\u0101 lo\u017e\u0101 biju\u0161i 67 br\u0101\u013ci, kas pieder\u0113ju\u0161i galvenok\u0101rt vidus\u0161\u0137iras aug\u0161sl\u0101nim \u2013 bag\u0101tie tirgot\u0101ji, \u0101rsti, aptiek\u0101ri, m\u0101c\u012bt\u0101ji, advok\u0101ti.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d1be0d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d1be0d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sacens\u012bba starp ang\u013cu sist\u0113mu un Cinnendorfa sist\u0113mu<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9cfbbf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9cfbbf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">No 1771. gada br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas strukt\u016bra Krievijas imp\u0113rij\u0101 k\u013c\u016bst arvien komplic\u0113t\u0101ka. S\u0101kas sacens\u012bba starp da\u017e\u0101diem str\u0101vojumiem, kas ne vienm\u0113r sp\u0113j atrast kop\u012bgu valodu. Blakus vecaj\u0101m Strikt\u0101s Observances lo\u017e\u0101m par\u0101d\u0101s lo\u017eas, kas str\u0101d\u0101 gan Berl\u012bn\u0113 izveidotaj\u0101 Cinnendorfa sist\u0113m\u0101, gan klasiskaj\u0101 ang\u013cu sist\u0113m\u0101, kuru vada \u0137eizarienei Katr\u012bnai II tuvu st\u0101vo\u0161ais slepenpadomnieks I.Jelagins (Yelaguin).<\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Johans Vilhelms fon Cinnendorfs (Zinnendorff) Berl\u012bn\u0113 1770. gad\u0101 nodibina V\u0101cijas Br\u012bvm\u016brnieku Lielo Zemes lo\u017eu (Grosse Landesloge der Freimaurer von Deutschland, GLLdFvD), kas nepak\u013caujas Striktajai Observancei, un izveido at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bgu augst\u0101ko gr\u0101du sist\u0113mu, kas ir l\u012bdz\u012bga Zviedrijas br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas sist\u0113mai. R\u012bg\u0101 \u0161\u012bs sist\u0113mas p\u0101rst\u0101vji nodibina lo\u017eas \u201cApolons\u201d (\u201cApollo\u201d) 1773. gad\u0101 un \u201cKastors\u201d (\u201cCastor\u201d) 1777. gad\u0101. Otr\u0101 lielaj\u0101 L\u012bvzemes guber\u0146as pils\u0113t\u0101 Tartu (Dorpat) 1779. gad\u0101 esot dibin\u0101ta lo\u017ea \u201cPollukss\u201d (\u201cPollux\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-880695a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"880695a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zviedru sist\u0113ma<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1519537 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1519537\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Tom\u0113r da\u017eas lo\u017eas nev\u0113las pievienoties Krievijas Nacion\u0101lajai liello\u017eai un aicina Zviedrijas liello\u017eu uz liel\u0101ku aktivit\u0101ti Krievij\u0101. Zviedrijas karalis Gustavs III 1777. gad\u0101 P\u0113terburgas apmekl\u0113juma laik\u0101 di\u017eojas ar savu pieder\u012bbu br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbai, k\u0101 rezult\u0101t\u0101 pieaug Krievijas br\u012bvm\u016brnieku interese par hierarhisko Zviedrijas br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas sist\u0113mu. 1778. gad\u0101 tiek nodibin\u0101ta Zviedrijas Provinci\u0101lliello\u017ea Krievij\u0101 ar lielmeistaru k\u0146azu G.P.Gagarinu priek\u0161gal\u0101, kas m\u0113\u0123ina piespiest Jelagina Krievijas Nacion\u0101l\u0101s liello\u017eas sast\u0101v\u0101 eso\u0161\u0101s lo\u017eas pievienoties jaunajai liello\u017eai. P\u0113c tam, kad Zviedrijas liello\u017ea 1779. gad\u0101 pazi\u0146o, ka p\u0101rtrauc atz\u012bt Cinnendorfa sist\u0113mu, I.Jelagina lo\u017eas atgrie\u017eas pie ang\u013cu sist\u0113mas. Ar\u012b abas Cinnendorfa sist\u0113mas R\u012bgas lo\u017eas p\u0101riet ang\u013cu sist\u0113m\u0101, bet v\u0113l\u0101k \u2013 zviedru sist\u0113m\u0101.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Laik\u0101 starp 1778. un 1781. gadu R\u012bg\u0101 tiek dibin\u0101ta jauna lo\u017ea, kas str\u0101d\u0101 zviedru sist\u0113m\u0101 \u2013 \u201cPie maz\u0101s pasaules\u201d (\u201cZur kleinen Welt\u201d). Tom\u0113r jau 1781. gad\u0101 ar\u012b Zviedrijas provinci\u0101llo\u017ea Krievij\u0101 sabr\u016bk sakar\u0101 ar Zviedrijas pretenzij\u0101m uz virsvad\u012bbu. Tom\u0113r lo\u017ea \u201cPie maz\u0101s pasaules\u201d turpina R\u012bg\u0101 str\u0101d\u0101t zviedru sist\u0113m\u0101 l\u012bdz t\u0101s darb\u012bbas aizlieg\u0161anai 1809. gad\u0101, kad t\u0101 p\u0101rveidojas par dzied\u0101\u0161anas biedr\u012bbu \u201cEifonija\u201d (\u201cEuphonie\u201d), kas past\u0101v l\u012bdz pat Pirmajam pasaules karam. Biedr\u012bbas telpas biju\u0161as izvietotas koka \u0113k\u0101 tagad\u0113j\u0101 Valdem\u0101ra iel\u0101 55, kur ilgu laiku p\u0113c tam mitin\u0101j\u0101s ar\u012b latvie\u0161u studentu korpor\u0101cija \u201cLettonija\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0697b7c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0697b7c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kaliostro af\u0113ra<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d633526 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d633526\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Kurzemes hercogistes galvaspils\u0113ta Jelgava vismaz uz laiku k\u013cuva slavena 1779. gad\u0101, kad ar gudr\u0101s El\u012bzas fon der Rekes (v.d.Recke) pal\u012bdz\u012bbu tika atmaskots starptautiskais kr\u0101pnieks gr\u0101fs Aleksandrs fon Kaliostro (Cagliostro), kas dzimis Sic\u012blij\u0101 k\u0101 D\u017euzepe Balsamo. Savas neap\u0161aub\u0101m\u0101s burvju m\u0101kslinieka dot\u012bbas vi\u0146\u0161 ilgu laiku veiksm\u012bgi izmantoja mistiski orient\u0113to di\u017ecilt\u012bgo kr\u0101p\u0161anai. Lai ar\u012b nav zi\u0146u par to, ka vi\u0146\u0161 ir ticis uz\u0146emts k\u0101d\u0101 lo\u017e\u0101, tom\u0113r t\u0101laika br\u012bvm\u016brnieki Kaliostro pie\u0146\u0113mu\u0161i k\u0101 br\u0101li visu to pils\u0113tu lo\u017e\u0101s, kuras vi\u0146\u0161 savu ilgo ce\u013cojumu laik\u0101 ir apmekl\u0113jis.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><br class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" \/><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Ap 1775. gadu Kaliostro nodibin\u0101jis pats savu ori\u0123in\u0101lo \u201c\u0112\u0123iptes sist\u0113mu\u201d (\u201cMisraim\u201d ritu\u0101l\u0101), kuras pamat\u0101 bija priek\u0161noteikums, ka lo\u017e\u0101s j\u0101uz\u0146em ar\u012b sievietes.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">\u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101 iepriek\u0161 izkl\u0101st\u012bto sajukumu da\u017e\u0101do sist\u0113mu konkurences d\u0113\u013c, Kaliostro s\u0101kotn\u0113ji nav bijis gr\u016bti g\u016bt uztic\u012bbu Jelgavas lo\u017e\u0101s. Vi\u0146\u0161 nodibina savas \u0112\u0123iptes sist\u0113mas \u201cadopcijas lo\u017eas\u201d ( jau min\u0113to lo\u017eu \u201cPie trim kron\u0113t\u0101m sird\u012bm\u201d, k\u0101 ar\u012b p\u0101rv\u0113r\u0161 par adopcijas lo\u017eu \u201cPie trim kron\u0113tiem zobeniem\u201d), kur\u0101s bez gr\u0101fa Johana Fridriha fon Medema iev\u0113rojamu lomu ier\u0101da ar\u012b vi\u0146a meitai El\u012bzai fon der Rekei, kas pieskait\u0101ma pie Kurzemes izgl\u012btot\u0101kaj\u0101m person\u012bb\u0101m \u0161aj\u0101 laik\u0101. Vi\u0146as draugu sarakst\u0101 ir v\u0101cu dzejnieki J.V.G\u0113te, G.A.Birgers un br\u0101\u013ci \u0160tolbergi, kuri visi pieder\u0113ju\u0161i br\u012bvm\u016brnieku lo\u017e\u0101m. Mistisko seansu laik\u0101 Kaliostro esot form\u0101li nob\u016bris veco grafu Medemu un vi\u0146a meitu, kas dr\u012bz vien atkl\u0101jusi viltu, un, kad Kaliostro po\u0161as t\u0101l\u0101k uz P\u0113terburgu, El\u012bza fon der Reke aizs\u016bt\u012bjusi br\u012bdin\u0101juma v\u0113stuli Katr\u012bnai II. P\u0113terburg\u0101 Kaliostro cent\u0101s iesaist\u012bt sav\u0101 br\u012bvm\u016brnieku sist\u0113m\u0101 visietekm\u012bg\u0101k\u0101s aprindas, ieskaitot pa\u0161u \u0137eizarieni. Tom\u0113r, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 min\u0113to v\u0113stuli, vi\u0146\u0161 tiek publiski atmaskots k\u0101 bl\u0113dis un jokdaris sava seansa laik\u0101 k\u0146aza Gagarina apartamentos. Katr\u012bnu II \u0161is notikums ir stipri ietekm\u0113jis un bijis viens no iemesliem, k\u0101d\u0113\u013c vi\u0146a zaud\u0113jusi savu labv\u0113l\u012bgo attieksmi pret br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbu kopum\u0101.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64b8422 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"64b8422\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas aizlieg\u0161ana Krievij\u0101<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8905450 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8905450\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Sakar\u0101 ar baum\u0101m par sazv\u0113rest\u012bbu atk\u0101rtoti ierosin\u0101ta izmekl\u0113\u0161ana pret br\u012bvm\u016brnieku lo\u017e\u0101m, l\u012bdz 1792. gad\u0101, p\u0113c fran\u010du revol\u016bcijas izrais\u012bt\u0101 \u0161oka, N.I.Novikovs tiek apcietin\u0101ts un ieslodz\u012bts \u0160liselburgas cietoksn\u012b. 1794. gad\u0101 tiek izdots neofici\u0101ls r\u012bkojums sl\u0113gt visas lo\u017eas Krievijas imp\u0113rij\u0101, kas p\u0113c Katr\u012bnas II n\u0101ves 1796. gad\u0101 tom\u0113r netiek atcelts. Gr\u0101fam fon Medemam gan izdevies pan\u0101kt, ka netiek sl\u0113gtas Kurzemes lo\u017eas. Ir zi\u0146as, ka vismaz viena R\u012bgas lo\u017ea \u2013 \u201cPie maz\u0101s pasaules\u201d (\u201cZur kleinen Welt\u201d) esot turpin\u0101jusi darboties slepeni.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Jaunais \u0137eizars P\u0101vils I gan jaun\u012bbas gados ir bijis br\u012bvm\u016brniekiem labv\u0113l\u012bgs, tom\u0113r fran\u010du revol\u016bcijas un sava aizdom\u012bg\u0101 rakstura d\u0113\u013c ir licis aizliegumu saglab\u0101t. N\u0101kamais \u0137eizars Aleksandrs I ir liber\u0101l\u0101ks un 1803. gad\u0101 atce\u013c br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas aizliegumu. Lo\u017eas Krievij\u0101 tiek dibin\u0101tas no jauna, bet tr\u016bkst datu par R\u012bgas lo\u017e\u0101m. Vien\u012bgi zin\u0101ms, ka zviedru sist\u0113m\u0101 str\u0101d\u0101jo\u0161\u0101 R\u012bgas lo\u017ea \u201cPie maz\u0101s pasaules\u201d (\u201cZur kleinen Welt\u201d) tiek aizliegta 1809. gad\u0101, j\u0101dom\u0101, sakar\u0101 ar Krievijas un Zviedrijas karu. Jelgavas lo\u017ea \u201cPie trim kron\u0113tiem zobeniem\u201d (\u201cZu den drei gekr\u00f6nten Schwertern\u201d) turpina str\u0101d\u0101t l\u012bdz 1819. gadam, pievienojoties liello\u017eai \u201cAstraea\u201d 1818. gad\u0101. Sakar\u0101 ar pamatotaj\u0101m ba\u017e\u0101m par br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas politiz\u0101ciju Aleksandrs I 1822. gad\u0101 atk\u0101rtoti izdod r\u012bkojumu sl\u0113gt lo\u017eas uz visiem laikiem, tom\u0113r ir zi\u0146as, ka slepen\u012bb\u0101 t\u0101s turpin\u0101ju\u0161as darboties l\u012bdz pat 1830. gadam.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Nep\u0101rprotama ir br\u012bvm\u016brnieku ietekme uz dekabristu sacel\u0161anos 1825. gad\u0101, kuras vad\u012bt\u0101ji gandr\u012bz bez iz\u0146\u0113muma bija br\u012bvm\u016brnieki (P.I.Pestels, k\u0146azs S.Trubeckojs, S.Muravjovs-Apostols, N.Muravjovs, k\u0146azs Volkonskis, A.Bestu\u017eevs-Rjumins, K.Ri\u013cejevs, P.Kahovskis utt.).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe89d97 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fe89d97\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Konstitucion\u0101lo Demokr\u0101tu partija un neregul\u0101r\u0101s lo\u017eas<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da4f335 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da4f335\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">T\u016bl\u012bt p\u0113c 1905. gada revol\u016bcijas notika br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas atjauno\u0161ana Krievij\u0101, \u0161oreiz ar neregul\u0101r\u0101s liello\u017eas \u201cFrancijas Lielais Austrums\u201d (\u201cGrand Orient de France\u201d) pal\u012bdz\u012bbu. 1908. gad\u0101 tika atv\u0113rtas pirm\u0101s lo\u017eas Maskav\u0101 (\u201cRenesance\u201d) un P\u0113terburg\u0101 (\u201cPol\u0101rzvaigzne\u201d), kuras tika aizliegtas 1909. gad\u0101, bet kuras atkal atjaunoja darb\u012bbu 1911. gad\u0101, kad tika nodibin\u0101ts \u201cKrievijas Tautu Lielais Austrums\u201d. Zin\u0101ms, ka Pirm\u0101 pasaules kara priek\u0161vakar\u0101 Krievijas imp\u0113rij\u0101 darboju\u0161\u0101s aptuveni \u010detrdesmit \u201cneregul\u0101ras\u201d, t.i., Anglijas Apvienot\u0101s liello\u017eas neatz\u012btas lo\u017eas, turkl\u0101t liel\u0101k\u0101 da\u013ca no lo\u017eu biedriem pieder\u0113ju\u0161i konstitucion\u0101lo demokr\u0101tu (kadetu) partijai. P\u0113terburgas galma aprind\u0101s l\u012bdz pat 1916. gadam esot darbojusies mistiski orient\u0113ta martinistu ritu\u0101la lo\u017ea \u201cKrusts un zvaigzne\u201d, pie kuras pieder\u0113jis ar\u012b Nikolajs II (sk. B.M. Angel).\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><br class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" \/><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Pa\u0161laik nav datu par br\u012bvm\u016brnieku darb\u012bbu \u0161aj\u0101 laik\u0101 R\u012bg\u0101 (literat\u016br\u0101 ir nor\u0101des, ka R\u012bg\u0101 ir darbojusies vismaz viena br\u012bvm\u016brnieku lo\u017ea, pie kuras ir pieder\u0113jis v\u0113l\u0101kais Latvijas Valsts prezidents Gustavs Zemgals), bet jebkur\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 mekl\u0113jumi s\u0101kami ar kadetu partijas biedriem, no kuriem k\u0101 iev\u0113rojam\u0101kie minami Goldmanis, Z\u0101l\u012btis, Grosvalds, Kreicbergs un \u010cakste (par vi\u0146u tie\u0161u saist\u012bbu ar br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbu zi\u0146u nav). Febru\u0101ra revol\u016bcijas laik\u0101 Krievij\u0101 biju\u0161as 28 lo\u017eas un br\u012bvm\u016brnieki esot biju\u0161i daudzi \u2013 taj\u0101s sast\u0101v\u0113ja visi Pagaidu vald\u012bbas vad\u012bt\u0101ji (Kerenskis, \u013bvovs, Gu\u010dkovs, Savinkovs, Mi\u013cukovs u.c.).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-016dbc6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"016dbc6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">V\u0101cu karasp\u0113ka lauka lo\u017eas Latvij\u0101<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-530959e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"530959e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">Pirm\u0101 pasaules kara laik\u0101 v\u0101cu karasp\u0113ks 1915. gad\u0101 ie\u0146\u0113ma Kurzemi, 1917. gad\u0101 \u2013 R\u012bgu, bet 1918. gad\u0101 \u2013 visu Baltiju. V\u0101cu okup\u0113taj\u0101s teritorij\u0101s br\u012bvm\u016brnieki nodibin\u0101ja lauka lo\u017eas v\u0101cu karav\u012briem, kur\u0101s gan var\u0113ja iest\u0101ties ar\u012b citi iedz\u012bvot\u0101ji. Liep\u0101j\u0101 kop\u0161 1916. gada darbojas lo\u017ea \u201cEnkurs un zobens\u201d (\u201cAnker und Schwert\u201d), Jelgav\u0101 \u2013 lo\u017ea \u201cV\u0101cu zobens austrumos\u201d (\u201cZum deutschen Schwert im Osten\u201d), bet R\u012bg\u0101 \u2013 \u201cHanzie\u0161u uztic\u012bba\u201d (\u201cHanseatentreue\u201d). P\u0113c \u0137eizarisk\u0101s V\u0101cijas sabrukuma, kam sekoja lielinieku karasp\u0113ka ofens\u012bva Latvij\u0101 1919. gada s\u0101kum\u0101, lauka lo\u017eas tika sl\u0113gtas, iz\u0146emot Liep\u0101ju, kur 1919. gada janv\u0101r\u012b lo\u017ea \u201cEnkurs un zobens\u201d tika p\u0101rveidota par mierlaika lo\u017eu Pr\u016bsijas liello\u017eas \u201cZur Freundschaft\u201d pak\u013caut\u012bb\u0101.\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><br class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" \/><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Pa\u0161laik nav datu par br\u012bvm\u016brnieku darb\u012bbu \u0161aj\u0101 laik\u0101 R\u012bg\u0101 (literat\u016br\u0101 ir nor\u0101des, ka R\u012bg\u0101 ir darbojusies vismaz viena br\u012bvm\u016brnieku lo\u017ea, pie kuras ir pieder\u0113jis v\u0113l\u0101kais Latvijas Valsts prezidents Gustavs Zemgals), bet jebkur\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 mekl\u0113jumi s\u0101kami ar kadetu partijas biedriem, no kuriem k\u0101 iev\u0113rojam\u0101kie minami Goldmanis, Z\u0101l\u012btis, Grosvalds, Kreicbergs un \u010cakste (par vi\u0146u tie\u0161u saist\u012bbu ar br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbu zi\u0146u nav). Febru\u0101ra revol\u016bcijas laik\u0101 Krievij\u0101 biju\u0161as 28 lo\u017eas un br\u012bvm\u016brnieki esot biju\u0161i daudzi \u2013 taj\u0101s sast\u0101v\u0113ja visi Pagaidu vald\u012bbas vad\u012bt\u0101ji (Kerenskis, \u013bvovs, Gu\u010dkovs, Savinkovs, Mi\u013cukovs u.c.).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ade922 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9ade922\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Br\u012bvm\u016brnieku lo\u017eas neatkar\u012bgaj\u0101 Latvij\u0101<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-045927c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"045927c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Lai gan br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bba bija nosp\u0113l\u0113jusi \u013coti svar\u012bgu lomu latvie\u0161u zemnieku atbr\u012bvo\u0161an\u0101 no dzimtb\u016b\u0161anas, izgl\u012bt\u012bbas veicin\u0101\u0161an\u0101 un pirm\u0101s latvie\u0161u atmodas kust\u012bbas sagatavo\u0161an\u0101, tom\u0113r latvie\u0161i nav biju\u0161i tie\u0161i saist\u012bti ar br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbu l\u012bdz pat 20. gs. s\u0101kumam. Valdo\u0161\u0101s ideolo\u0123ijas Eirop\u0101 \u0161aj\u0101 laik\u0101 bija valstiskais nacion\u0101lisms no vienas puses un komunisms no otras puses, kas nerad\u012bja br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbai labv\u0113l\u012bgu gaisotni ar\u012b neatkar\u012bbu ieguvu\u0161aj\u0101 Latvij\u0101. Sl\u0113gta tipa organiz\u0101ciju vid\u016b \u0161aj\u0101 laik\u0101 domin\u0113ja studentu korpor\u0101cijas un filistru biedr\u012bbas, kas savos pirms\u0101kumos bija stipri iespaidoju\u0161\u0101s no V\u0101cijas br\u012bvm\u016brnieku lo\u017e\u0101m 18. gs. s\u0101kum\u0101.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Tom\u0113r Latvij\u0101 \u0161aj\u0101 laik\u0101 past\u0101v\u0113ja divas lo\u017eas, Liep\u0101j\u0101 un R\u012bg\u0101, kur\u0101s gan domin\u0113ja savas privil\u0113\u0123ijas zaud\u0113ju\u0161ais v\u0101cbaltu pilsoniskais aug\u0161sl\u0101nis. Patst\u0101v\u012bga Liep\u0101jas lo\u017ea \u201cEnkurs\u201d (\u201cAnker\u201d) tika izveidota no v\u0101cu lo\u017eas \u201cEnkurs un zobens\u201d (\u201cAnker und Schwert\u201d) 1921. gada 6. apr\u012bl\u012b. Sakar\u0101 ar preses aps\u016bdz\u012bb\u0101m \u201cpretvalstisk\u0101 darb\u012bb\u0101\u201d 1925. gada febru\u0101r\u012b pret lo\u017eu tika uzs\u0101kta politisk\u0101s policijas izmekl\u0113\u0161ana, kas gan par\u0101d\u012bja \u0161\u0101du apgalvojumu piln\u012bgu nepamatot\u012bbu. Neraugoties uz to, Kurzemes apgabalties\u0101 tika iesniegta pras\u012bba lo\u017eu sl\u0113gt, jo t\u0101 nedarbojas p\u0113c iesniegtajiem stat\u016btiem, un t\u016bl\u012bt aptur\u0113t lo\u017eas darb\u012bbu, jo t\u0101 \u201catrodas \u0101rzemju atkar\u012bb\u0101\u201d. K\u0101 vien\u012bgais otr\u0101 apgalvojuma pier\u0101d\u012bjums bija lo\u017e\u0101 lietotais Pr\u016bsijas liello\u017eas ritu\u0101ls. Tiesa 1927. gada 21. maij\u0101 konstat\u0113ja aps\u016bdz\u012bbu piln\u012bgu nepamatot\u012bbu, un pras\u012bba par lo\u017eas sl\u0113g\u0161anu tika noraid\u012bta.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">R\u012bgas lo\u017ea \u201cJ\u0101\u0146uguns\u201d(\u201cJohannisfeuer\u201d) tika izveidota 1924. gada 17. novembr\u012b, galvenok\u0101rt no v\u0101cu lauka lo\u017eas \u201cHanzie\u0161u uztic\u012bba\u201d (\u201cHanseatentreue\u201d) R\u012bg\u0101 paliku\u0161ajiem br\u0101\u013ciem, kaut ar\u012b tie\u0161ais dibin\u0101\u0161anas iniciators ir bijis latvie\u0161u ku\u0123a kapteinis un k\u0101das skotu lo\u017eas br\u0101lis M\u0101rti\u0146\u0161 Sni\u0137ers. Sekojot trad\u012bcij\u0101m, lo\u017ea tika svin\u012bgi dibin\u0101ta R\u012bgas Tirgo\u0146u biedr\u012bbas telp\u0101s Anglik\u0101\u0146u iel\u0101 5, ar\u012b jaun\u0101s lo\u017eas god\u0101jamais meistars bija Tirgo\u0146u biedr\u012bbas vec\u0101kais Vilhelms Reimerss. Sakar\u0101 ar tiesas procesu pret Liep\u0101jas lo\u017eu, ar\u012b R\u012bgas lo\u017ea l\u016bgusi savu m\u0101tesliello\u017eu \u2013 V\u0101cijas Lielo Zemes lo\u017eu \u2013 atz\u012bt to par neatkar\u012bgu Latvijas lo\u017eu, ko t\u0101 pan\u0101k 1926. gad\u0101. \u0160aj\u0101 gad\u0101 to atz\u012bst ar\u012b Norv\u0113\u0123ijas, Zviedrijas un \u0145ujorkas \u0161tata liello\u017eas. Savas darb\u012bbas s\u0101kum\u0101 lo\u017ea g\u016bst lielu atsauc\u012bbu R\u012bgas pilsoniskaj\u0101s aprind\u0101s, par ko liecina straujais lo\u017eas br\u0101\u013cu pieaugums \u2013 no 10 l\u012bdz 41 gada laik\u0101, bet 1929. gad\u0101 taj\u0101 darbojas jau 88 past\u0101v\u012bgie lo\u017eas br\u0101\u013ci un 15 \u0101rzemju lo\u017e\u0101s eso\u0161i br\u0101\u013ci, galvenok\u0101rt v\u0101cbaltu fabrikanti un tirgot\u0101ji, diplom\u0101tisk\u0101 korpusa p\u0101rst\u0101vji, advok\u0101ti, \u0101rsti, bet krietnu da\u013cu sast\u0101da ar\u012b latvie\u0161u ier\u0113d\u0146i, advok\u0101ti, uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113ji.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\">\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Otrs latvie\u0161u br\u012bvm\u016brnieku grup\u0113jums veidojas 1928.\u20131938. gad\u0101 ap toreiz\u0113jo Latvijas v\u0113stnieku Zviedrij\u0101 K\u0101rli Zari\u0146u (Charles Zarine), kur\u0161 1928. gad\u0101 tiek uz\u0146emts Stokholmas lo\u017e\u0101 \u201cDen Nordiska Foersta\u201d. 1929. gad\u0101 \u0161aj\u0101 lo\u017e\u0101 tiek uz\u0146emti ar\u012b divi augsti Latvijas \u0100rlietu ministrijas ier\u0113d\u0146i \u2013 toreiz\u0113jais ministrijas preses sekret\u0101rs Dr.Alfreds Bilmanis (Bihlman) un toreiz\u0113jais Baltijas valstu noda\u013cas vad\u012bt\u0101js Vilhelms Munters, par kura uz\u0146em\u0161anu br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bb\u0101 iest\u0101jas Zviedrijas v\u0113stnieks Latvij\u0101 Patriks de Reitersverds (Reutersvaerd). 1930. gad\u0101 tiek uz\u0146emts advok\u0101ts M\u0101rti\u0146\u0161 Antons, 1935. \u2013 R\u016bjienas m\u0101c\u012bt\u0101js Roberts \u0160lokenbergs, 1936. \u2013 Gustavs Feigemanis, 1937. \u2013 R\u016bjienas slimn\u012bcas virs\u0101rsts Hugo B\u0113rzi\u0146\u0161. Lai ar\u012b vairums no piemin\u0113tajiem l\u012bdz 1938. gadam sasniedz augstus gr\u0101dus Zviedrijas liello\u017e\u0101, tom\u0113r dibin\u0101t zviedru sist\u0113mas lo\u017eu R\u012bg\u0101 neizdodas sakar\u0101 ar l\u0113no lo\u017eas papla\u0161in\u0101\u0161anas darbu, kam pamat\u0101 vismaz da\u013c\u0113ji ir augstie politiskie amati, kurus ie\u0146em lo\u017eas br\u0101\u013ci. Br\u012bvm\u016brnieku sakari atvieglo K.Zari\u0146a k\u0101 Latvijas nacion\u0101las vald\u012bbas \u0101rk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101 pilnvarot\u0101 darbu London\u0101 1940.\u20131963. gad\u0101. Liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 pateicoties Dr.A.Bilma\u0146a labajiem sakariem, jau 1940. gada 15. j\u016blij\u0101 tika iesald\u0113ts Baltijas valstu zelts un noguld\u012bjumi ASV bank\u0101s, bet 23. j\u016blij\u0101 ASV Valsts sekret\u0101ra vietnieks Samners Velss (Sumner Welles) paraksta Baltijas valstu inkorpor\u0101cijas neatz\u012b\u0161anas deklar\u0101ciju. Dr.A.Bilmanim ir izdevies public\u0113t daudz rakstu pret Latvijas okup\u0101ciju svar\u012bg\u0101kajos ASV politiskajos izdevumos un \u017eurn\u0101los.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43eb1a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"43eb1a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas atjauno\u0161ana p\u0113c neatkar\u012bbas atg\u016b\u0161anas<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b94cf33 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b94cf33\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">P\u0113c Berl\u012bnes m\u016bra kri\u0161anas Austrumeiropas valst\u012bs tika strauji atjaunotas br\u012bvm\u016brnieku lo\u017eas. T\u0101pat k\u0101 gadsimta s\u0101kum\u0101, ar\u012b \u0161oreiz Francijas neregul\u0101r\u0101 liello\u017ea \u201cGrand Orient de France\u201d bija akt\u012bv\u0101ka par regul\u0101raj\u0101m liello\u017e\u0101m, uzs\u0101kot savu darb\u012bbu Austrumeirop\u0101 jau 1988. gad\u0101. P\u0113c 1991. gada Krievij\u0101 tika nodibin\u0101tas \u010detras lo\u017eas Maskav\u0101 un viena P\u0113terburg\u0101. 1992. gada septembr\u012b regul\u0101r\u0101 Francijas Nacion\u0101l\u0101 liello\u017ea (Grand Lodge Nationale Francaise) atv\u0113ra pirmo regul\u0101ro lo\u017eu Maskav\u0101 \u201cHarmonija\u201d, bet 1995. gada j\u016bnij\u0101 \u2013 Krievijas liello\u017eu.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><br class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" \/><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">1992. gada pavasar\u012b \u201cGrand Orient de France\u201d uzs\u0101ka ar\u012b latvie\u0161u uz\u0146em\u0161anu neregul\u0101raj\u0101 lo\u017e\u0101 \u201cFrancois Rabelais\u201d, bet 1993. gada 8. maij\u0101 Sentavold\u0101 Lotring\u0101 tika izveidota pirm\u0101 latvie\u0161u lo\u017ea \u201cJ\u0101\u0146uguns\u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><br class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" \/><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">1995. gada s\u0101kum\u0101 lo\u017eas br\u0101\u013ci nol\u0113ma turpm\u0101k str\u0101d\u0101t regul\u0101raj\u0101 br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bb\u0101, un j\u016blij\u0101 tika uzs\u0101ktas sarunas ar V\u0101cijas A.F.u.A.M. liello\u017eas lielmeistaru Klausu Horneferu par lo\u017eas \u201cregulariz\u0113\u0161anu\u201d, kas notika svin\u012bgos apst\u0101k\u013cos ar Br\u0113menes lo\u017eas \u201cRoland zu den alten Pflichten\u201d pal\u012bdz\u012bbu 1996. gada 13. janv\u0101r\u012b, kur tika re\u0123istr\u0113ti jaun\u0101s lo\u017eas stat\u016bti. 1996. gada 25. maij\u0101 notika Gaismas iene\u0161anas ceremonija Latvij\u0101 ar viesiem no Br\u0113menes, Hamburgas un Vi\u013c\u0146as lo\u017e\u0101m. Ar Apvienoto V\u0101cijas liello\u017eu (VGLvD) lielmeistara dekr\u0113tu III\/1996 lo\u017ea \u201cJ\u0101\u0146uguns\u201d tika ierakst\u012bta VGLvD matrikul\u0101 ar numuru 1010. 1997. gada novembr\u012b lo\u017eas p\u0101rst\u0101vji piedal\u012bj\u0101s V\u0101cijas Apvienoto Liello\u017eu konvent\u0101 Berl\u012bn\u0113, kur lo\u017ea g\u016bst pirmo starptautisku iev\u0113r\u012bbu. 1997.\u20131998. gad\u0101 tika nodibin\u0101ti br\u0101l\u012bgi sakari ar igau\u0146u, somu un zviedru lo\u017e\u0101m.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><br class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" \/><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">2002. gada apr\u012bl\u012b no lo\u017eas \u201cJ\u0101\u0146uguns\u201d br\u012bvm\u016brnieku sast\u0101va tika izveidota Latvijas atjaunot\u0101s br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas otr\u0101 lo\u017ea \u2013 \u201cZieme\u013czvaigzne\u201d.<br class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" \/>\u00a0<br class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" \/>V\u0113l viena R\u012bgas br\u012bvm\u016brnieku grupa veidoj\u0101s ap V\u0101cijas Liel\u0101s Zemes lo\u017eas (G.L.L.v.D.) L\u012bbekas lo\u017eu \u201cZum Fullhorn\u201d, 1996. gada apr\u012bl\u012b ofici\u0101li R\u012bg\u0101 re\u0123istr\u0113 \u201cBr\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas Atjauno\u0161anas biedr\u012bbu Latvij\u0101\u201d. Kop\u0161 1996. gada novembra L\u012bbekas lo\u017eas \u201cZum Fullhorn\u201d sast\u0101v\u0101 uz\u0146emti br\u0101\u013ci no Latvijas. 2002. gada oktobr\u012b kr\u0101\u0161\u0146\u0101 ceremonij\u0101 V\u0101cijas Liel\u0101s Zemes lo\u017eas \u2013 Br\u012bvm\u016brnieku Orde\u0146a sast\u0101v\u0101 nodibin\u0101ja J\u0101\u0146a lo\u017eu \u201cPie Zobena\u201d.<br class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" \/>\u00a0<br class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\" \/>2002. gada nogal\u0113 tika pan\u0101kta vieno\u0161an\u0101s starp div\u0101m V\u0101cijas Apvienoto liello\u017eu sast\u0101v\u0101 eso\u0161aj\u0101m liello\u017e\u0101m (V\u0101cijas A.F. u. A.M. liello\u017eu un V\u0101cijas Lielo Zemes lo\u017eu) par neatkar\u012bgas Latvijas liello\u017eas dibin\u0101\u0161anu. Ar\u012b min\u0113to tr\u012bs lo\u017eu vad\u012bt\u0101ji v\u0113rs\u0101s pie V\u0101cijas Apvienotaj\u0101m liello\u017e\u0101m ar l\u016bgumu iesv\u0113t\u012bt R\u012bg\u0101 suver\u0113nu Latvijas liello\u017eu, kas ar\u012b tika izdar\u012bts 2003. gada 8. mart\u0101, kl\u0101t esot V\u0101cijas, Zviedrijas, Igaunijas, Lietuvas, Krievijas, It\u0101lijas, \u010cehijas, Bulg\u0101rijas, Be\u013c\u0123ijas, Austrijas, \u0160veices liello\u017eu deleg\u0101cij\u0101m. Jau 2003. gada decembr\u012b Anglijas Apvienot\u0101 liello\u017ea atzina Latvijas liello\u017eas regularit\u0101ti, kas apstiprin\u0101ja to, ka \u0161\u012b liello\u017ea pilnv\u0113rt\u012bgi darbojas p\u0113c senajiem br\u012bvm\u016brnieku principiem.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2f565c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a2f565c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Literat\u016bra<\/h5>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b663c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b663c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Angel, B.M. Freemasonry and Russia. Emulation, Vol.1(#2), september 1993\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Appel, R. Freimaurerei in Lettland. Hanseatisches Logenblatt, Ausgabe Nr.2\/Oktober 1997, S.86.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Bihlman, A. Bidrag till frimureriets historia i Lettland, resp. hertigdoemena Kurland, Livland, Mitau och Riga under 18:de arhundradet, 1930.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Graumann, D. Riga und die Johannis-Loge ZUM F\u00dcLLHORN zu L\u00fcbeck. In: 250 Jahre Freimaurerei in L\u00fcbeck. L\u00fcbeck, 1997.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Lennhoff, E., Posner, O. Internationales Freimaurer-Lexikon, Amalthea-Verlag, Wien, 1932\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Nun auch in Lettland. Humanitaet, 1996, S.18-19.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Pistohlkors, G.von (Hrsg.). Deutsche Geschichte im Osten Europas. Baltische Laender, Siedler Verlag, Berlin, 1994.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Rujiena. Frimuraren, 1991.\u00a0iSlokenbergs, M. Anknytning till det lettiska frimureriet och kyrkan<\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Stranga, A. Br\u012bvm\u016brnieki un \u201cJ\u0101\u0146uguns\u201d lo\u017ea R\u012bg\u0101 (20.\u201330. gadi). Latvijas V\u0113sture Nr. 2, 1991.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\"><p class=\"font_8 wixui-rich-text__text\"><span class=\"wixui-rich-text__text\">Wright, D.(ed.). Gould\u00b4s History of Freemasonry. Caxton Publishing Co, London, nd.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u0113sture \u00a0 \u0145emot v\u0113r\u0101, ka br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas pirms\u0101kumi ir dat\u0113jami sen\u0101 v\u0113stur\u0113, nav pieejami prec\u012bzi dati par t\u0101s ra\u0161anos un apst\u0101k\u013ciem. \u0160obr\u012bd pla\u0161i valdo\u0161ais uzskats ir, ka br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bba ir c\u0113lusies 17. gs. Anglij\u0101 no m\u016brnieku un akme\u0146ka\u013cu \u0123ild\u0113m (br\u0101l\u012bb\u0101m). \u0160o pie\u0146\u0113mumu atbalsta ar\u012b Anglijas Apvienot\u0101 liello\u017ea un vado\u0161\u0101s br\u012bvm\u016brniec\u012bbas p\u0113tniec\u012bbas organiz\u0101cijas. Pirm\u0101s liello\u017eas dibin\u0101\u0161ana. Pirmo liello\u017eu, [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":13173,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13169","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/masonicum.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/masonicum.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/masonicum.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masonicum.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masonicum.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13169"}],"version-history":[{"count":23,"href":"https:\/\/masonicum.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13169\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14065,"href":"https:\/\/masonicum.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13169\/revisions\/14065"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/masonicum.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/masonicum.lv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}